The Romantic City of Venice Essay -- Observation Essay, Descriptive Ess

Venezia, known as Venice to the Ameri butt, is genius of the most unusual and romantic places in the world today. There you hear no car horns, alarms, or scour squeaking brakes. There is just peace and quiet with a slight chant of the motor boats zooming by. You can be walking across a noseband where there ar two lovers kissing and keep walking to the other gradient of the area and look back and they are still kissing. There is cipher to interrupt them, not even the slightest care in the world.It is a maze. Around unrivaled corner you could run chasten into the Grand Canal where you can yank a ride on one of the famous gondolas, or around the succeeding(a) corner you might come to a famous square same the Piazza San Marco where the cobbled ground is covered in pigeons. Think that you know the way? Youd better, because if not, it go away be a twisting trip home.Crossing the Rialto Bridge right over the Grand Canal, you can stop and listen, and the only sounds that you wil l hear are your footsteps, the quiet whispers of peoples voices, or the hum of the motor boats that are whisking through the pee below. A slight breeze crosses over the bridge and gives a outstanding guts of the natural and clean air that flows there. Across the bridge, you are in the kindling of the city where you can take a narrow street called the Merceria that runs right through the citys chief shopping district and all the way back to venerate Marks Square. The district is full of bustling people, mostly local residents, who are out for their passing(a) shopping, or have just gone for a stroll to throw a couple of scoops of gelatto and just sit on a bench and chew with a friend.Saint Marks Square is the center of activity in Venice. You can see the Basilica of Saint Mark or the ... ...da. The hands on the hotfoot just ignore their order to move, so they yell it again. This time the men on the barge just look over and give them a great(p) look then keep unloading the ir gravel. After the third time, the erstwhile(a) man on the barge drops his shovel, turns completely around and yells back at them, Andarrsene, andare avanti, or go around. A fight breaks out and the men now change over more unpleasant phrases. Then the men on the boat start their engine, waver their boat around, and head off in the other direction. The workers calmly gallop to unload their gravel.When you want relaxation, culture, history, tradition, stimulation, and unique travel experiences, then Venezia is the destination of choice. After one night here, youll feel the spirit of romance and adventure that lead the Venecians to import the body of Saint Mark from Constantinople. The Romantic City of Venice Essay -- Observation Essay, Descriptive EssVenezia, known as Venice to the American, is one of the most unusual and romantic places in the world today. There you hear no car horns, alarms, or even squeaking brakes. There is just peace and quiet with a slight hum of the motor boats zooming by. You can be walking across a bridge where there are two lovers kissing and keep walking to the other side of the area and look back and they are still kissing. There is nothing to interrupt them, not even the slightest care in the world.It is a maze. Around one corner you could run right into the Grand Canal where you can hitch a ride on one of the famous gondolas, or around the next corner you might come to a famous square like the Piazza San Marco where the cobbled ground is covered in pigeons. Think that you know the way? Youd better, because if not, it will be a twisting trip home.Crossing the Rialto Bridge right over the Grand Canal, you can stop and listen, and the only sounds that you will hear are your footsteps, the quiet whispers of peoples voices, or the hum of the motor boats that are whisking through the water below. A slight breeze crosses over the bridge and gives a outstanding sense of the natural and clean air that flows there. Acr oss the bridge, you are in the heart of the city where you can take a narrow street called the Merceria that runs right through the citys chief shopping district and all the way back to Saint Marks Square. The district is full of bustling people, mostly local residents, who are out for their occasional shopping, or have just gone for a stroll to get a couple of scoops of gelatto and just sit on a bench and chat with a friend.Saint Marks Square is the center of activity in Venice. You can see the Basilica of Saint Mark or the ... ...da. The men on the barge just ignore their order to move, so they yell it again. This time the men on the barge just look over and give them a threatening look then keep unloading their gravel. After the third time, the older man on the barge drops his shovel, turns completely around and yells back at them, Andarrsene, andare avanti, or go around. A fight breaks out and the men now exchange more unpleasant phrases. Then the men on the boat start their en gine, swing their boat around, and head off in the other direction. The workers calmly continue to unload their gravel.When you want relaxation, culture, history, tradition, stimulation, and unique travel experiences, then Venezia is the destination of choice. After one night here, youll feel the spirit of romance and adventure that lead the Venecians to smuggle the body of Saint Mark from Constantinople.

Exposing the Falseness of Truth in On the Nature of the Universe Essay

Exposing the Falseness of Truth in On the Nature of the Universe Truth is in the eye of the beholder. Or is it? Questions regarding the nature of the true have always been central to not only philosophers, but all men (and women, of course) who possess any desire for knowledge. For while truth itself is an elusive concept, it is in any case the underlying theme of all science -- which is the basis of knowledge -- and so the seeker of learning must first discover his own truth to the highest degree the world without a strong belief, the slippery nature of truth will only serve to confuse and mislead the student of life. A person who is miss a basic understanding of truth can never fully grasp the fine distinction between appearance and reality, yet the ability to rive the two is essential to anyone interested in knowledge at a higher level, where appearances lead only to dead ends. Or do they? And who says appearance is not reality? At the heart of this matter is the conflict b etween truth as an absolute and the truth of the senses while this may seem like a trivial matter (truth is true, isnt it?), it is anything but. If there does indeed exist an absolute truth, as the Socratics birdsong, then all attempts to understand the universe are futile, since human senses can never adequately grasp a truth that is so far above everyday experience. On the other hand, the Epicurean view of truth is much more than encouraging after all, this explanation of truth as being of the senses offers the hope that individuals have the ability to create, and therefore understand, their own universe. The Epicureans, by advocating truth of the senses, basically claim that whatever appears to be something, really is, whereas followers of Socrates would disc... ...y that this debate over its relativity can ever be satisfactorily settled. Nevertheless, both philosophies have valid arguments, and severally also has its merits from the common mans point of view while Platos tr uth appeals to the seekers of knowledge and idealists who dream of a perfect world, Lucretius definition of truth brings comfort to those who need to intrust that what they can see and feel is a reliable representation of reality. Both of these explanations could be valid, yet the question remains, and will continue to haunt philosophers as colossal as man continues to philosophize what is truth, and if someone accidentally stumbles on its actual nature, how will he recognize it when all he has learned is the art of disbelieve? Bibliography Lucretius. On the Nature of the Universe. Tr. R. E. Latham. Introduction by John Godwin. Penguin Books, London 1994.

Analysis of the Crucible, page 41-42. Essay -- Essay on The Crucible

Analysis of the Crucible, page 41-42.The influential tonus throughout this extract, is the one sided effort to enjoy the quantify that they are spending over the meal. Theseefforts coming from thaumaturgy Proctor. One can gather the reasons for thiscold shoulder shown to John by Elizabeth, is humble to the broken trust,by John when having a love affair with Abigail earlier in the play.There are m whatever emotions in the extract that show this feeling quitevisibly, that can be explored.John shows great effort to show a keen interest in the meal providedby Elizabeth and other aspects of their day-after-day lives. Firstly whenJohn hears the food is rabbit he quickly jumps in saying, Oh is itIn Jonathans trap. This is his way to share a common ground, and tointeract in their married life. There is also more evidence of Johntrying to make civilized conversation, with a slight humorous slant,This farms a continent when you go tush by foot droppin seeds init. Its also noticeable tha t he is looking to impress Elizabeth,trying to achieve this by showing off the work he had covered thatday. However it is clear that he has failed in his plan to either puta smile to her face or to impress her in any way as she answers veryblandly to these comments, with short unenthusiastic responses like,It must be.This idea of Elizabeths small dry, lifeless manner of speech does notjust consort to the quotation, above but to the whole pattern of herspeech in the extract. This of course being the opposite to Johnsefforts, and subtle hints of his humour. Clear evidence of this isshown when John tries the first time to impress or as he puts itplease his wife, If the crop is good Ill buy George Jacobsheife... ...burning desire in all men? In Abigail, he may wish he could deletethis, but his passion was always there. Johns appetite forstimulation can be found in Act 1 page 17. Where John and Abigail arespeaking of the controversy that occurred in the woods Abigail goeson to say, Oh posh, we were dancin in the woods, as she says this,she is said to be confidently, closing in on John. Johns smilewidens, as he replies, Ah, youre wicked yet arent y So it isclear that he is enjoying this little witty exchange, something thathe doesnt seem to be attaining from Elizabeth.This links in with the preliminary vista of the one sided effort tothe current relationship, that John is only showing. However from whathas been shown previously, is that Elizabeth would show a keenerinterest, but is ensnared in her dissatisfaction and lack of trust inJohn.

Media - The Relationship of Self and Advertising Essay -- Exploratory

The Relationship of Self and Advertising Advertising has an extremely strong hold on society. Due to the overwhelming presence of mass media in hot culture, products are often recognized solely by how they are portrayed in their advertisements. Regardless of how truthful or misinforming it may be, advertising is how companies short-circuit the message about what they have to offer to the public. Advertising appears in various forms, including printed material, television, audio, and even down to its simplest form-word of mouth. Without good advertising, a product would not succeed and would privation added publicity given to it through advertising. Consumers would not always be informed of the best products and prices without ads. Both the corporation and the consumer directly benefit from advertising. However, potential buyers should proceed with caution. on that point is misleading education circulating through advertisements on a daily basis. Products are ofte n glamorized and appear as something they really are not. The truth is that race can be easily influenced by advertisements that appeal to them. Until this group of consumers can see through the hype often associated with advertising, they will continue to be mislead by the ads presented before them. Manufacturers dependence upon advertising is evident on everyday television, but is especially obvious during Super Bowl night, one of Americas most divine evenings. A few seconds of advertising to the countless number of football fans watching the Super Bowl can cost businesses millions of dollars. If this were not an effective means of selective service customers to a product, nationally renowned companies would not spend this much money for just a f... ...lf. The two (advertising and self) help each other out. Advertising communicates information to the self while benefitting it most of the time. The self keeps advertising alive by purchasing the displayed products and following the media as closely as it does. Despite occasional glamorizations of products by advertising, the public should appreciate advertising and enjoy the ads for what they are. Advertising should inform and assist the consumer in purchasing a product and not be the only source one purchases something. Take them for what theyre worth advertisements are good Works Cited Berger, John. Ways of Seeing. London Penguin, 1972 129-54. Scheidell, John M. Advertising, Prices, and Consumer Reaction. Washington, D.C. AEI Publishing, 1978. Sutherland, Max. Advertising and the Mind of the Consumer. Sydney Griffin, 1993.

Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith: Two Legendary Classical Blues Artists Essay

The blue emerged as a distinct African-American musical form in the early 20th century. It typically employed a twelve-bar framework and three-lined stanzas its roots are based in early African-American songs, such as field hollers and work songs, and generally have a melancholy mood. The vapours can be divided into many sub-genres, including holy, Country, and Urban. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the careers of two of Classical blues most influential and legendary singers Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith.Ma Rainey, considered by many to be the Mother of the Blues, was one of the first pioneers of the classical blues style. She sang with a deep, rich, and quite a lot rough contralto voice while the voices of her contemporaries a generation later were more harmonious. Rainey was an important figure in connecting the Classical blues, largely female dominated, with the predominately male Country blues.1Born Gertrude Pridgett in Georgia in 1886 to parents who had both per formed in the minstrel shows, she was exposed to music at a very early age. At the age of fourteen, she performed in a local talent show called The Bunch of Blackberries, and by 1900 she was regularly singing in public.2 oer the next couple of decades, she worked in a variety of traveling minstrel shows, including Tollivers Circus and Musical Extravaganza, and the Rabbit Foot Minstrels she was one of the first women to incorporate the blues into minstrelsy. It was while working with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels that she met William Rainey, whom she married in 1904 together, they toured as Ma and Pa Rainey Assassinators of the Blues. By the early 1920s, she was a star of the Theater Owners book Agency (TOBA), which were white-... ...line of Smiths career and in Classical blues, in general was due to changing trends in music. Classical blues was out, and Swing was now the music of choice. Smith, however, was dictated to make a comeback. She began performing again, this time la beling herself as a Swing singer. But before she could re-establish herself as a household name, she passed away from injuries caused by an auto accident. It was not until some years after her death that her music began to be popularized again. Her recordings with Armstrong became popular among jazz musicians and had great influence on singers such as Billie Holiday, who often listened to Smiths records for inspiration. Frank Sinatra held her in high esteem, and Janis Joplin often emulated Smiths voice in her singing. Bessie Smith was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1939.

Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith: Two Legendary Classical Blues Artists Essay

The colour emerged as a distinct African-American medicamental form in the early twentieth century. It typically employed a twelve-bar framework and three-lined stanzas its roots are based in early African-American songs, much(prenominal) as domain of a function hollers and work songs, and generally have a melancholy mood. The blues can be divided into many sub-genres, including Classical, Country, and Urban. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the careers of deuce of Classical blues most influential and legendary singers Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith.Ma Rainey, considered by many to be the Mother of the Blues, was one of the frontmost pioneers of the classical blues style. She sang with a deep, rich, and quite often rough contralto voice while the voices of her contemporaries a generation later were more harmonious. Rainey was an important normal in connecting the Classical blues, largely female dominated, with the predominately male Country blues.1Born Gertrude Pridget t in Georgia in 1886 to parents who had both performed in the minstrel shows, she was exposed to music at a very early age. At the age of fourteen, she performed in a local talent show called The Bunch of Blackberries, and by 1900 she was regularly telling in public.2 Over the next couple of decades, she worked in a variety of traveling minstrel shows, including Tollivers Circus and Musical Extravaganza, and the Rabbit Foot Minstrels she was one of the first women to incorporate the blues into minstrelsy. It was while working with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels that she met William Rainey, whom she married in 1904 together, they toured as Ma and Pa Rainey Assassinators of the Blues. By the early 1920s, she was a friend of the Theater Owners Booking Agency (TOBA), which were white-... ...line of Smiths career and in Classical blues, in general was due to changing trends in music. Classical blues was out, and Swing was at once the music of choice. Smith, however, was determined t o make a comeback. She began performing again, this time labeling herself as a Swing singer. But before she could re-establish herself as a household name, she passed away(p) from injuries caused by an automobile accident. It was not until some years after her death that her music began to be popularized again. Her recordings with Armstrong became popular among jazz musicians and had great influence on singers such as Billie Holiday, who often listened to Smiths records for inspiration. Frank Sinatra held her in high esteem, and Janis Joplin often emulated Smiths voice in her singing. Bessie Smith was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1939.

Microbiology Lab Report

Page I Cover sheet In the middle f the page give name and enactment of your microorganism In the right lower corner provide your name Lab section number (Biol 108-005) Date submitted ( 4/18/2013) the unknown render is 5 Page II table of result This page will have your table of results include the following information Name of the test median(a) used Indicator used your results Part III All the test done As many pages as needed to do a arrest job. n this section you are describing in detail all the tests that was done( all of the chemistry and biochemical reactions) color change that indicates negative results with explanation which means the substrate, enzyme, products, media, indicator and negative and positive result the enzyme that are needed for the reaction to take place indicate what role of medium in the reaction is -what reagent is needed to list the final product Part IV discussion of Results -as many pages as needed to do a complete job this is the mos t important classify of the report.Read com/chapter-8-microbial-genetics/Chapter 8 Microbial GeneticsDiscuss in a logical and step by step how you concluded that you had a certain microorganism. If you had constant of gravitation negative organism you need to explain which organisms were part of the study and how you eliminated three of them. To convince your reader you need phrases like This negative result suggested that my organism is genus Proteus Vulgaris this negative result confirmed or Reaffirmed that the organism is Proteus Vulgaris Part V (one page) significance of your particular organism Pathogenic, resident flora, or opportunist organism Disease caused -Symptoms Treatment Other related information NOTE Science writing is brief, concise and down to the point. Avoid long introductions and sentences this paper is due on the 18th which mean tomorrow at 7 am Thank you Please remember to separate each part separately also she accepts this design too like tryptophas e Tryptoph&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 Indole Enzyme

Language and Pragmatics Essay

Language is the common ground for everyone. It is the thing that links a society together beca commit this is how they communicate and understand each early(a). It is common, therefore, that one culture batch feel confused when dealing with other people from different cultures. This is due to the fact that even if they learn a certain diction, they will lighten take up to learn the culture of the people to be able to communicate properly. It is not enough that one learns the words.A person should be also knowledgeable of the shipway certain words or phrases are used or what is proper or not to say during conversations for him or her to completely understand a incident culture. One of the things that I got interested in from the lecture was phatic communion, which is a form of communication between people which is not intended to seek or rent information but has the social function of establishing or maintaining social contact. This is very apparent in the American culture. People adjudge the tendency to automatically comprise how the other is doing and the other is pass judgment to respond with save a simple answer.It is not meant to ask how a person is really feeling but it is just a polite way of acknowledging the persons presence. I have experienced this form of communication since I started living in this country. It is hard to girlfriend it because people use it everyday in the grocery store, at the mall, coffee shop, even at school. I can tint to the examples in the lecture notes because Spanish is my first language. I also had onerousy in acquire the English language because of its complications like the phatic communion.At first, I thought that people were concerned slightly me and the things that are going on with my life. However, when I got used to the language, I came to realize that this was just some form of formality and that I am not expected to give a detailed response. Living in this country, I have also learned that it is not unusual for people to greet each other even if they are complete strangers. People say hello to each other when they pass them on the street. However, this is not being friendly for them. People have exit accustomed to it and would feel uncomfortable if they did not acknowledge the other person.This is in contrast to other cultures where people would feel scared or anxious if a stranger would say hello to them on the streets out of nowhere. They might imply that the person has other intentions other than just to be polite. Personally, I think that people from different cultures talk fast because they are already used to the language and they have mastered it since the time they learned how to speak it. As such, fast-paced talking is not only applicable to the Americans but to everyone as well. Some cultures can only seem soft spoken because of their voices but they are still fast-paced if one listens carefully.Another interesting observation is the difference between men and women in terms of listening. As a woman, I can relate to the lecture notes where it is indicated that women tend to nod to show that they are listening to someone. I actually do this just to show appreciation to the speaker, in particular when he or she is looking directly at me while speaking. It is a polite way of saying that I am listening although I may not be seeing to what he or she is trying to say. This is different from what men do and I have noticed this in the way my husband matchs when someone is talking and he is in the audience.There is no indication that he is listening and will only be apparent when he nods his head in agreement with the speaker. I think that womens reaction is better because if it were me speaking, I would like to know if my audience is listening or not even if they may not agree to what I have to say. It is encouraging to know that the audience is interested in my speech and that I am not being ignored. The last topic that I found interesting is the different ways on how to say no or refuse to someone. I agree with this because sometimes, people find it very difficult to say no in fear of offending the other person.As such, people find different ways to say no and this include offer an alternative, putting the blame on another, diverting the attention to another topic, or through postponement. Doing these things will make it easier to say no and will not make the other person feel bad about the situation. Personally, I do not have a hard time saying no to people, especially if I strongly feel that refusing is the right thing to do. However, it is still good to know how to say no indirectly because we have to realize that people react to things differently.One may be fine with accepting no for an answer while others may take this against you. I think that learning a language and the ways of a certain culture is essential in being able to communicate with the cultures people effectively. This is the only for an outsider to become accepted and feel comfortable in using the language. It is also a way for a person to learn what is proper and what is unacceptable, which is important for some cultures because there are certain things that might offend them without the person even knowing.It can be said, therefore, that learning a second language is difficult, especially if the person learning it is not even living in the country or place where that language is being used. Exposure is needed for one to learn and acquire a cultures language and customs. Without experiencing it first-hand, it is hard to practice the language and apply it to ones everyday lives. It is also better to communicate with the people who use the language everyday so that the person can practice speaking it and using it much better. The person will be able to learn hurried and easier if there is first-hand exposure.

Prolix Initiative †Care workers case study Essay

Kevin Pudney and Malcolm Rose have worked in the parcel out sector for over 20 old age. Their most recent job is part of a European project aimed at improving study and development in business and swiftness the time to strength. More information on the research project is available on the Prolix website (www.prolixproject.org). The project was conducted in partnership with Social attention Institute of Excellence. The genial care sector in UK was chosen to test the new systems developed as part of the project. The researcher spent 3 years in Suffolk working with 6 care homes owned by The Partnership In Care (TPIC) group. The Social Care Institute of Excellence (SCIE) 1 is responsible for this social care test-bed and will assess the impact of the project.Whats the problem?Statistics from the Labour Force Survey show that Care Assistants and Home Carers report higher than second-rate levels of stress related illness caused or made worse by the work they do. The PROLIX projec t aimed to develop systems that would help improve working lives of managers and cater at the homes. The project was not about work related stress, but the researchers recognised that thither were factors present that can be associated with cases of work related stress. lag turnover was about average for a sector that has a generally high turn over rate at around 25%. However, it was specially high in one home after management problems, where analysis showed turnover in the previous two years of 57%.As good rung are replaced by menial faculty, it increases the reproduction demands on management. It is well established that people who contend help with social care want the aforesaid(prenominal) carer to care for them consistently especially those who need help with washing, dressing etc. Where homes have a high turn over rate or imprecate on temporary or bank staff they struggle to offer this consistency of care to the people who live at the home. Other issues identified a s part of the testing included low pay, high job demands, low staffing levels, IT issues and postulate of residents as being key issues for staff. Job demands included1. The care needs of residents2. Requirements to record information on care saluten3. Required skills and knowledge in over a dozen mandatory areas of competence. Control issues included1. The care needs of residents2. Lack of control over how work is carried out3. Lack of control over when work is carried outWhat did they do about it?The initiative centre on improving the management of readying and development in order to give staff the skills they need to do the job and satisfy the legal requirements destine by Care Quality Commission (CQC). The aim of the work was to help managers understand the issues faced by staff and for Care Assistants to get the training they need so that they could be more skilled and perform better, stay in the role longer and give residents the care that the are looking for. The genera l reckon involved all staff and managers at The Partnership in Care homes, and subsets of staff for particular areas of research. One area involved asking care staff to rate themselves on a scale of 1-10 for a set of 17 areas of competency. These areas were based on the requirements set out by CQC and other areas identified as important by the local training manager. Managers were then asked to rate each of their staff in the same competency areas. They had not seen the results from their staff when they did their assessment.This exercise helped staff refer their own Areas For Improvement (AFI) and managers to identify AFIs for staff. It also allowed comparison between staff and managers. This enabled the training manager to identify areas where members of staff did not feel convinced(p) in their role or where managers did not feel confident that staff had the necessary skills. It also allowed the training manager to look for trends within teams, for example where there were diff erences between the ratings given by staff and a manager. It could also identify where people may be over-confident or where they needed more support. The general findings from this competency exercise were shared with staff and managers in a supported environment to help them identify issues and properly interpret data, where training was needed and where staff matte up there could be an improvement in the services offered to residents.The detailed individual results were treated as confidential and discussed further in supervision. The final results of the project research were delivered to staff and managers at each home in a day-long session at the end of the project. This enabled the consultant to explain the exercises and the results and spend time with staff and managers to give them support in receiving and delivering the results. It also enabled them to explain how these results would be fed into the development needs of the people who had taken part. There are some 600-80 0 person training units to be delivered per home to skill all staff to a basic level, with a significant proportion repeated annually as refreshers and for new unskilled staff. The administration owns 6 homes, making this a huge and time consuming activity.The Partnership in Care group has a full time training manager who is responsible for arranging and delivering these training units. Kevin and Malcolm worked with the training manager to help develop a spreadsheet that would enable trainers and managers to see at a glance who had the training they needed, what training was outstanding and when refresher training was due. The training system has helped us see at a glance what training is outstanding and made positive(predicate) that we can get people trained when they need it and nobody is missed out. Care home manager What else could have been done?They feel that one of the things they would do differently is to help the organisation try to identify suitable people at interview stage. This would help The Partnership In Care group to identify staff development needs at an early stage and invest in those people who have the desire to forge a career or vocation in social care from the beginning of their employment. This would help keep them with the organisation. How can it prevent stress related ill health?It must be made clear that this exercise was not put in place with work related stress in mind. The objective was to help improve the organisation and delivery of training and development within the company. However, demands and control issues were identified as part of this study. By improving the levels of competence of staff and managers and in helping them study about the skills they need to be successful in their work and improve the lives of the people who rely upon them, the work has helped address some of these demand and control issues.

Implications for current and prospective teachers Essay

For educators of the present generation, it is very important to understand how this particular procedure of teaching should contact the process by which they are implying the lessons of grammar and theme within their students. There are at least seven ways of implying the lessons on the students with regards grammar and writing as per suggested in the study performed by the group of Sugrue 1. Engage students in writing, writing, and more writing. -This involves assisting the students through continuous practice of writing, editing and revising their admit written works.Through their own observation upon their own works, they are able to see the mistakes that they usually make and thus are able to make amends with regards the said mistakes in writing through the implications of the lessons that they learn from grammar curriculums. Immerse students in good literature, including literature that is particularly interesting or challenging syntactically. -Reading practices also help in this primary acquirement procedure.Of course, through the written works of others, there are those grammatical styles that could be cautiously learned by writing beginners. Through the examples of others publications they could be able to identify the correct and effective ways of writing their own ideas. 3. Teach relevant aspects of grammar within the setting of students writing. -the educators efficacy to help the students identify the clarity of the importance of creatively putting their ideas into writing shall also make the students aware of their effective practices in writing.Introduce only a minimum of terminology. Much of this terminology can be learned sufficiently through incidental exposure as you discuss selected words and structures in the context of literature and writing. -Teaching the grammar basics gradually to the learners indeed helps in inculcating the lessons within the minds of the students in a primarily gradual procedure that would most likely help them carefully store the lessons within their minds more effectively.Emphasize those aspects of grammar (as appropriate to writers needs) that are particularly useful in helping students revise sentences to make them more effective (this may include how to reorder and otherwise manipulate sentence elements and how to expand and combine sentences. ) -expansion of sentences through the procedures of writing and applying grammar lessons within the practice shall help in producing a much(prenominal) more sensible written output. 6.Also emphasize (as appropriate to writers needs) those aspects of grammar that are particularly useful in helping students edit sentences for conventional mechanics and appropriateness. (This may include concepts like subject, verb, and predicate clause and phrase grammatical sentences versus run-ons and fragments and usage. ) -The mechanical approach in writing could be strongly enhanced by the strength of the students in identifying the basic grammatical erro rs within the context of their own written works.Teach needed terms, structures, and skills when writers need them, ideally when they are ready to revise at the sentence level or to edit. -It is necessary for the educators to instill within the learners the importance of carefully assessing the terms that they use in their works to convey the message that they nail down to share to their readers. Strongly, this means that through writing and learning grammatical basics, sending messages to readers effectively could be applied by the students in a systematic procedure.

Evolution and History of Cooking Essay

The value of history is that it helps us to understand the present and the future. In regimen service, knowledge of our professional heritage helps us to see why we do things as we do, how our cooking techniques have bringed and refined and how we can continue to develop and innovate in the years ahead. THE EGYPTIANS First recorded instance of inn-keeping Generally managed by mother and father operations Most food was from their own gardens and flocks Meals consisted of principally dates, figs, apricots, fish, chicken, duck, onions and red cabbage. Cooking media was largely olive oil. Poorer inns served predominantly pulses that is soups made from a base of lentils. THE GREEKS Ancient Greeks were the next who left written and pictorial records of eating, drinking and sleeping away from home Culinary world owes much of its knowledge to the Greeks Almost all of the foods purchased and prepared today, as well as many types of beverages, some(prenominal) soaker and non-alco holic were used during middle and Late Greek times. The oldest cookbook preserved today is that of Apicius written sometime between400 BC and 100 AD depending upon the historical source. This book contains not only detailed instructions for preparing the cuisine of that day, but also rigid specifications for purchasing foodstuffs The art and cookery then spread to the roman type chefs of that day who were both negatively as well as positively motivated to learn the art of cooking food. The Greeks are also credited for developing the first broad set of kitchen utensils and equipment Tools same(p) frying pans, sauce pans, colanders, Bain Marie and butchers knives are being used even today. THE ROMANS During this time, a group of scholars were sent to Greece to study literary works and arts, including culinary arts Many of the finest Greek chefs were lured away and were treated as professionals worthy of the highest respect and esteem. The best of Greek culinary achievements w ere brought to Rome and were integrated into the Roman culture. THE FRENCH The marriage of Catherine de Medici to King Henry has brought a whole battalion of Florentine cooks to France. In the 17th and 18th Century, the Royalty and high ranking throng started taking great interest in foods and the cooks in gratitude started naming the dishes after them. By the end of the 19th century, French culinary art reached its peak, the highest point of perfection. Chefs like Escoffier and Prosper Salles etc published books on cookery, which had fat reaching importance and are known throughout the world today. Frances contribution to the international culinary repertoire is well known and has bestowed her own names on the majority of dishes creating technical terminology of international usage. Every ingredient speaks its own language.The most important fibre is to use only the best and perfect ingredients and proper blend of colour and taste of ingredients. Garnishes and accompanimen ts play a key role in French cuisine and dishes are identified by them. CHINESE COOKING Chinese culture is the oldest continuous civilization in the world. In china, friendship and food are inseparably linked, a gathering without food is considered incomplete and improper. One thousand years ago, before BC, they were already experimenting with fancy cooking, recording their recipes on silk and bamboo. Considered the best in the eastern world, they have been gastronomically courageous, setting no limits to their experiments. They put everything edible to use, finding wonderful ways to utilize strange plants and roots like lily buds, bamboo shoots, jasmine etc. Strong unattackable sense of artistry is expressed in Chinese cooking. Chinese cooking needs the shortest time, uses intense heat sealing the juices and preserving colour and texture. Regional cuisines of China include Cantonese, Sichuan, Hunan, minute and Xhanhung. INDIAN COOKING Indian cuisine can be said to have ev olved along lines parallel to Indian history Bhima, the Pandava prince and Nala, a King in Hindu Mythology have been acclaimed to be the best chefs. Strong impact made on Indian cuisine was during the reign of Moghals in the 16th Century, who were fond of good living, eating and cooking. The regional dishes are influenced in different parts of India by religion, caste and old traditions and customs. The preparations of various dishes are handed over from one propagation to the next Indian cuisine can be broadly classified into North Indian and South Indian Cuisines.

Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 13

Im historically not a serial killer. It just seemed equal too good a chance to pass up.Man, I said. If I had a dime for every time I heard thatLiam, the guy whod bought me at the auction, laughed and opened the car access for me. He drove a shiny sinister Lotus Elise that hed had imported from the UK. I found that impressive. It appeared to concord just been freshly washed. I found that impressive too and a little sad since it looked like it was going to rain at any moment.Its supposed to be really good, though, he added, starting up the engine. So, I hope youll like it and not have in mind its too demented for the holidays.I hadnt been keen on following up with my charity learn, just Id known it would have to happen sooner or later. When Liam had as for sureed introductory to say hed gotten tickets to a dramatic production of three Edgar Allan Poe stories tonight, I figured it was as good a time as any to get it all over with. Besides, I liked Poe. It was kind of a cree py date to have around the happiest time of the year, true, but that would be the theaters fault, not Liams.It was an early show, so we aforethought(ip) to attend first and catch dinner later. On the drive in that location, he turned out to be a lot like Id expected. Intelligent. Nice. Moderately merry. He worked for an investment company downtown and had enough sense not to bore me with the details. We traded light banter, sharing anecdotes and experiences. I still would have rather been with Seth, but Liam was a fine guy for one night, and I figured he should have a fun time after donating so much money.The play was any(prenominal)what as twisted as Id hoped. They started with The Masque of the Red Death, followed by The Cask of Amontillado. The Tell-Tale Heart closed the night off because honestly, what sort of Poe festivities would be complete without that mob pleaser?Ive never heard of The Masque of the Red Death, Liam said afterwards. Wed decided to leave the car and wal k the six b engrosss to the restaurant he had reservations at. I read the another(prenominal)s in high school. I guess its some kind of allegory near how you cant escape death, huh? You can lock yourself a delegacy, but it doesnt work.More than an allegory, actually, I mused. Historically, that wasnt an uncommon way for people to deal with plague and disease. Lock themselves up. Or else leave town and run away. Sometimes theyd throw the sick people out of town and lock the doors, so to speak.Thats horrible, said Liam. We stepped inside the restaurant, a small Italian one that was almost always booked. I had to admit, he was doing a good job with this date thing.People didnt know any better, I said. They didnt know what caused diseases, and aside from good hygiene and luck, thither were few treatments for ancient and gothic epidemics.That auctioneer didnt say anything close to you being a history buff, he teased.Yeah? Would you not have bid?Are you kidding? A beautiful woman who uses the words ancient and medieval epidemics on the first date? I would have bid more.I grinned and let the maitre d lead us to our table. I was glad Liam appreciated my historical knowledge, but Id have to be careful not to get too nerdy. I knew more than the average girl should and could get into levels of detail that modern people had no way of knowing about(predicate). I shifted to something else.Well, I designate the auctioneer was kind of distracted by the other contestants.Oh, you pixilated the feminazi who went before you?I frowned. No, I mean the giant blonde in silver that he bid on.Oh, yeah, Liam agreed. She was crazy. Attractive, but crazy.You actually thought she was pretty?Sure. Not as pretty as you, of course, he hastily added, mistaking my meaning. provided the auctioneer apparently thought otherwise. He couldnt keep his hands off of her.Oh, come on. He barely touched her.Well, not during the auction, of course. I mean afterward.What?I was interrupted when the waiter came by. I had to wait for Liam to order wine before he could finish the story.After the auction. I was there helping wrap things up. Deannas a friend of my ex-wifes. When we all finished, Nick and that blonde were all over each other and unexpended together.Thatthat isnt possible.Tawny had said theyd left separately. There was no way she and Nick could have been hot and heavy the night of the auction. The following night had been when she showed up for the dance lesson. Even if she was lying about things falling a lot with Nick and really, why would she? shed obviously had no recent sinew fix. Massive shape-shifting, on the scale of nonhuman shapes, could burn through energy that quickly, but a new succubus wouldnt have that skill yet. None of this made sense. Liam, obviously, didnt catch my confusion.Whys it so hard to believe? he asked.I shake my head. Itsnever mind. I hope they had a great time. Nowwhat kind of wine did you order? I missed it.Not wanting to ruin dinne r, I put the Tawny conundrum into a holding bin in my mind and did my best to happen Liam his seventeen-hundred-dollars worth. When dinner ended, we walked back toward his car, enjoying a leisurely pace. The weather, though damp, had warmed to about fifty. Seattles fickle winters did that sometimes, only to freeze up a day or so later. When Liam slipped his hand into mine, I let him, but it presented me with a dilemma.He was no one I really planned on seeing again. As a courtesy to Seth and an attempt at a normal life-time, I avoided casual affairs in this body. All of those reasons meant I shouldnt let the night escalate into anything more than a friendly handshake good-bye. But suddenly, I was feeling the loss of my energy. It had felt so good to have Simons yet it had been stripped from me before I could even do anything with it. Itd be so nice to have that feeling back, to go home with Liam and get what I needed.When we reached his car, he kept holding my hand and turned me s o that I confront him. What now? he asked.I dont know. I was still torn on what to do. Im open to suggestion.Liam smiled, a wily smile that showed in his blue eyes too. Well, how about this? He leaned down and kissed me, much as Dante had nearly done.Oh, Liam. Liam was a good man. A good, good man. Seth caliber. The moment our lips touched, I felt the sweetness of his life energy trickling into me. My desire woke up, and I pressed myself to him. I might not like to use this body, but these were unusual circumstances. I made my decision. Id sleep with him and part ways. He was a nice guy, not a psycho stalker. He might be disappointed, but he wouldnt give me grief for wanting to be friends in the morning.He kissed me harder, pushing me against the side of the car. All that energy from just one kiss. The sex was going to be great.Yes, yes. More. Get more. Feed me.I jerked away from Liam.He looked down at me, legitimately c at one timerned. Whats the matter?It had been a whisper in my head. Faint but real. It had been paired with a proclivity, a deep longing for Liams energy that rivaled my own need but it hadnt been mine. It had belonged to someone or something else. Suddenly, it all came back to me. The conversations with Dante and Erik. Some creature preying on me and stealing my energy. True, it was what I did to menbut, well, I couldnt help how I felt. And just then, I felt nauseous at the thought of some parasitic creature coming to me tonight because I was full phase of the moon of energy. It made my skin crawl. Bad enough this thing was using me. It was also using me to use Liam.I looked back at him he was so cute and so nice. I shook my head. I couldnt do this. I needed the energy, but I was going to put if off as long as possible. I wouldnt give this thing what it precious.Liam I said slowly. I should tell you something. I, um, just recently got out of a long relationship, and I went to the auction because I thought I could, you knowHe sighed, not appearing angry so much as regretful. You arent ready.I shook my head. Im really sorry. I precious to help at the auction, and I thought I could move on.He squeezed the hand he was still holding and released it. WellIm sad, but I understand. And I like youif we went out, Id like to work on something serious. That cant happen until youre ready, and Id never want to force you.Oh, God. Nice, nice guy.Im so, so sorry, I said. I meant it. I so wanted his energy.Nothing to be sorry about, he told me, smiling. Come on, Ill reappearance you home.He returned me to Queen Anne, and I kissed him on the cheek before leaving the car. He told me to call him when I was ready to date again, and I told him I would.Once he was gone, I didnt go inside. Instead, I called Dante.Its your favorite succubus, I said when he answered.I heard him yawn. Debatable. What do you want? Its late.I need to talk to you. Something weird happened.Im in bed, succubus. Unless you plan on joining me, Id rather not receiv e visitors full now.Please, Dante. Its important.He sighed. Fine, come on over.I dont know where you live.Of course you do. Youve been here a gazillion times.You live in your store?Why would I want to reconcile rent for two different places?I drove down to the shop. The sign read CLOSED, but there was a faint light inside. Dante opened the door when I knocked. He wore jeans and a plain T-shirt, nothing unusual, but the disheveled hair suggested he had indeed been in bed.Sorry, I told him. Maybe I should have waited.Too late for regrets. Come on in.He led me through the storefront, back to the small door I usually saw closed. On the other side was a large room that appeared to be a combination living space, office, supply clo get, andworkshop.Erik was right, I said, walking over to a high set of shelves. They were filled with jars and bottles of herbs and unidentifiable liquids. You are a magician. I considered. Or at least youre pretending to be.No faith in me. Probably smart. He pointed to a bean bag chair and a plaid ottoman. Take your pick if you dont want the bed.I chose the ottoman. Well, its not that I dont trust youbut everything else you do is a scam. Of course, Erik has to hate you for something legitimate, and he wouldnt have sent me to you in the first place if you didnt have some kind of skill.Interesting logic. Maybe he hates me for my charming personality. He rubbed his eyes and yawned again. With the motion of his arm, I noticed faint punctures in the middle of his arm that Id never seen with long sleeves.Maybe he hates you for your vices.Dante looked at where I was staring. He shrugged, unconcerned. Nah, Lancaster has better things to worry about than a casual hit now and then.From my experience, theres no such thing as a casual hit.What, are you here to do an intervention now, succubus?No, I admitted. I had neither time nor interest to reform Dante. But I heard a voice tonight.I heard a voice too. It called and woke me up.DanteAngrily, I exp lained the situation. A hint of his sarcastic smile remained, but otherwise, he actually seemed concerned.Huh. Interesting. It actually raised its ugly head.What do you think that means?Not a clue until we know what it is. The only thing I can guess is that it was desperate for some reason. Until now, its done a pretty good job at hiding itself aside from your energy loss, obviously. He brightened a little. I dont suppose its here now, urging you to jump me?Sorry.Ah, well. Im believably not as good a catch as Seventeen-hundred-dollar Man. Your predator has standards.I shuddered, hating the idea that I actually had a predator. I looked up at Dante and must have looked truly pathetic because a startled look crossed his features.Dante, you have to help me. I know we dont have the answers yetbut, well, Im shake of this thing. I cant bring myself to take a victim because Im afraid of this monster coming back. I dont even want to go to sleep.His gray eyes assessed me, and to my astonis hment, he almost looked gentle. It completely transformed him. Ah, succubus. You can sleep tonight. No energy, no visit. I doubt the kiss was enough of a lure.But at lasteventually Ill have to get another fixand until Im able to talk to Jerome about all thisWell, I could maybe make you a charm or something. apology to ward this thing away.You can do that? I tried to keep the skepticism out of my voice but failed. His face turned wry once more.If you dont want the helpNo I do. Im sorry. That was wrong of me. I asked for your help, then backed off.Well, as you said, I havent inspired much faith in you.Ill take whatever help I can get, I said honestly.He stood up and stretched, then walked over to his shelves, studying their contents. You sure about that? You might not like what I have to do to make this. How badly do you want it?I thought about that voice, that creatures need inside my head. Pretty badly. Provided you dont, like, give me a necklace made out of goat entrails, I thin k were good.His eyes were still on his shelves and jars. Several moments passed while he considered. Im going to need some time on this, Im afraid. Itd be a lot easier if I knew what it was were dealing with. Without that, Ive got to try to make some sort of catch-all charm that may or may not work. The broad spectrum ones are always hard, too.So nothing tonight.He strolled back over to me. Youre fine tonight, remember? Of course, youre welcome to stay here, and Ill stay wakeful and make sure nothing happens to you.I couldnt help a smile. Just like Kayla.Who?My boyfriends niece Id nearly forgotten about our weird conversation. She said some funny things. But I dont know if it was just kid imaginings or if she maybe has some kind of psychic ability.Fine line with kids, he said. If she has any powers, Im sure science and discipline will work them out of her. Whatd she say?She said that I was magic. And that there were monsters in the air who got into peoples dreams. When he didnt res pond, I exclaimed, Do you think she could help with this?He shook his head. No. If she is psychic or gifted or whatever, shes too young and inexperienced to know what shes perceiving to be of any real use.But she could be sensing whats following me.Sure. If shes a really astute psychic, shed be sensitive to anomalies in the magical and spiritual worlds.Interesting. Tiny little Kayla, mayhap with the potential for great spiritual powers some day. Whats your advice?Huh? he asked.For someone like her. To develop her abilities and make sure science and discipline dont beat it out of her.My advice? He gave a harsh laugh. Let them beat it out of her. Youll be doing her a favor.I sat quietly for a long time, studying my feet. When I eventually looked back up at him, I asked, Why are you so unhappy?Who says Im unhappy? I make money by doing nothing.I gestured around. Everything says youre unhappy. Your attitude. Your arm. The good deal of beer bottles over there. The fact that even though you claim I annoy you, you keep helping me and always seem glad to have me around.Misery loves company. You arent barely all that chipper yourself.Im very happy with my life, I argued.Well, then, go back to it, and let me sleep. In a not too subtle signal, he walked over to the door and opened it. Ill work on your charm and get back to you.I started to snap back at the abrupt dismissal, but he looked so weary, I couldnt bring myself to do it. Besides, I knew Id been right. Dante Moriarty was a very unhappy man who used sarcasm and substances to hide it. I wondered what it was that plagued him so much what it was that had change his soul.Are you ever going to tell me why Erik hates you so much? I asked quietly.Dante pointed at the door. Good night, succubus. Sweet dreams.

Indian Consumer Behavior

CONSUMER LIFESTYLES IN INDIA (NOVEMBER 2004) 1. INTRODUCTION This report analyses consumer lifestyles in India and forms part of a 52- rustic series that complements the Euro monitor Consumer Lifestyles Database. Each country pen is structured under the following sub-headings cosmos Consumer segmentation Regional development Home ownership Household profiles Labour Income Consumer and family expenditure Health discipline ingest habits Drinking habits Shopping Personal grooming Fashion Leisure Savings Media Communications Transport Tourism The information in this report was gathered from a wide range of sources, starting with the national statistical senescencies. This information was cross-checked for consistency, probability and mathematical accuracy. Secondly, we sought to fill in the gaps in the official topic statistical offices by using private sector surveys and official pan-regional and global sources. Further more(prenominal) than, Euromonitor has c arried out an extensive amount of modelling in order to come up with enkindle info sets to complement the national standards available.The wide range of sources used in the compilation of this report means that there be occasionally discrepancies in the data which we were non able to reconcile in every instance. Even when the data is produced by the same national statistical office on a particularised parameter, like the intact people in a particular year, discrepancies can occur depending on whether it was derived from a survey, a national census or a projection and whether the data be mid-year or January. For slow trends, data be presented for 1990, 1995 and 2000-2003.Where it is interesting to work out at projections, the data encompasses 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. Fast-moving trends such as communications are illust rated with data sets relating to 1990, 1995, 2000-2005, 2010 and 2015. Consumer goods data cover the period 1998-2003. 2. POPULATION 2. 1 d swell upence by senesce 700 jillion Indians are under the age of 35, making India angiotensin converting enzyme of the youngest nations in the world. The state of youth is virtually equally divided between men and women, and in terms of numbers is more than the population of Latin the asserts and the Caribbean put together.The changing demographics can be attributed to a slowness in abide rate during the 1990s as well as rising trains of diseases amongst the 30+ age group. The biggest attraction for international players is perhaps the sheer numbers that provide them turnovers that corpo order dream of. The 5-9 year-age group was the largest in 2004 though harvest rates pass water been drop over the review period. By the end of the forecast period though, the 15-19 year-age group is expected to be the largest in a digression from the historical trend indicating that the country give age slowly.In absolute terms, 10-14 year olds, 15-19 year olds and 20-24 year olds grew b y approximately 25% since 1990. The changing demographics has been due to the high levels of birth rate in the last decade resulting in a population that attained these age levels post 2000. The population above 70 years of age will more than earn doubled over the 1990-2015 period. 97% growth is expected amongst the 80+ group over the 2000-2015 period. Migration to otherwise countries, better health care and a slowdown in birth rate are expected to contribute to some of these trends. The median age of the population is rising, albeit extremely slowly.Death rates are falling gradually with improved access to healthcare but it is too accompanied by rather high levels of birth rate. According to an Oxford University Press publication by Tim Dyson, Robert Cassen and Leela Visaria by 2015, shifts are expected. The median age would rise to 31 from the trustworthy 24, and the proportion of 60+ would rise from 7% to 11%. circuit board 1 Population by Age 1990-2015 000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 114,799 119,235 120,974 117,342 116,462 116,324 5-9 yrs 102,289 110,845 115,921 118,296 115,260 114,758 10-14 yrs 89,781 100,560 109,302 114,583 117,137 114,226 15-19 yrs 85,268 88,870 99,696 08,541 113,937 116,575 20-24 yrs 77,264 84,180 87,878 98,790 107,722 113,188 25-29 yrs 68,307 76,098 83,001 86,771 97,607 106,430 30-34 yrs 59,422 67,262 74,926 81,753 85,361 95,802 35-39 yrs 49,661 58,435 66,152 73,656 80,244 83,504 40-44 yrs 41,157 48,632 57,281 64,854 72,146 78,395 45-49 yrs 35,384 39,977 47,346 55,842 63,253 70,294 50-54 yrs 31,125 33,892 38,442 45,667 53,980 61,191 55-59 yrs 26,547 29,144 31,917 36,391 43,422 51,469 60-64 yrs 21,023 23,942 26,496 29,242 33,590 40,300 65-69 yrs 15,507 17,879 20,598 23,047 25,711 29,807 70-74 yrs 10,547 12,112 14,196 16,614 18,870 21,331 75-79 yrs 6,274 7,213 8,471 10,146 12,127 4,023 80+ yrs 3,678 4,497 5,951 7,536 9,431 11,708 natural 838,033 922,775 1,008,549 1,089,072 1,166,258 1,239,325 Median age of 21. 68 22. 4 5 23. 28 24. 31 25. 62 27. 05 population (Years) Death rates (per 000 10. 63 9. 49 8. 67 8. 07 7. 66 7. 49 inhabitants) Source UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January Table 2 Population by Age (% Analysis) 1990-2015 % of total population 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 13. 70 12. 92 11. 99 10. 77 9. 99 9. 39 5-9 yrs 12. 21 12. 01 11. 49 10. 86 9. 88 9. 26 10-14 yrs 10. 71 10. 90 10. 84 10. 52 10. 04 9. 22 15-19 yrs 10. 17 9. 63 9. 89 9. 97 9. 77 9. 41 20-24 yrs 9. 22 9. 12 8. 71 9. 07 9. 4 9. 13 25-29 yrs 8. 15 8. 25 8. 23 7. 97 8. 37 8. 59 30-34 yrs 7. 09 7. 29 7. 43 7. 51 7. 32 7. 73 35-39 yrs 5. 93 6. 33 6. 56 6. 76 6. 88 6. 74 40-44 yrs 4. 91 5. 27 5. 68 5. 95 6. 19 6. 33 45-49 yrs 4. 22 4. 33 4. 69 5. 13 5. 42 5. 67 50-54 yrs 3. 71 3. 67 3. 81 4. 19 4. 63 4. 94 55-59 yrs 3. 17 3. 16 3. 16 3. 34 3. 72 4. 15 60-64 yrs 2. 51 2. 59 2. 63 2. 69 2. 88 3. 25 65-69 yrs 1. 85 1. 94 2. 04 2. 12 2. 20 2. 41 70-74 yrs 1. 26 1. 31 1. 41 1. 53 1. 62 1. 72 75-79 yrs 0. 75 0. 78 0. 84 0. 93 1. 04 1. 13 80+ yrs 0. 44 0. 49 0. 59 0. 69 0. 81 0. 94 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source UN, EuromonitorNote As at 1 January Table 3 Population by Age (Growth) 1990/2015, 2000/2015 % growth 1990/2015 2000/2015 0-4 yrs 1. 33 -3. 84 5-9 yrs 12. 19 -1. 00 10-14 yrs 27. 23 4. 51 15-19 yrs 36. 72 16. 93 20-24 yrs 46. 50 28. 80 25-29 yrs 55. 81 28. 23 30-34 yrs 61. 22 27. 86 35-39 yrs 68. 15 26. 23 40-44 yrs 90. 48 36. 86 45-49 yrs 98. 66 48. 47 50-54 yrs 96. 60 59. 18 55-59 yrs 93. 88 61. 26 60-64 yrs 91. 69 52. 10 65-69 yrs 92. 21 44. 71 70-74 yrs 102. 24 50. 26 75-79 yrs 123. 51 65. 54 80+ yrs 218. 34 96. 76 TOTAL 47. 89 22. 88 Median age of population 24. 76 16. 19 Death rates -29. 52 -13. 55 Source UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January 2. Male Population by Age Males constitute 52% of the population. Half are under the age of 29 and are looking for earning opportunities. Though liberalisation and the recent NDA (National Democratic Alliance) political sym pathies headed by ex-prime minister Shri Vajpayee did oft to invest in infrastructure and create jobs, much of this has apparently non percolated down to the lowest income classes if election results in mid-2004 (when the incumbent government was unceremoniously and unexpectedly voted out) are anything to go by. Not surprisingly, the 5-9 year-age group is again the largest segment, representing al close to 11% of the total population.In relative terms, this segment has been stagnant since 1990 and has declined marginally since 2000. Due to a larger base, 15-19 year olds will constitute the largest segment by 2015 despite high growth by other groups. In memory with general demographic trends, the population below the age of 20 years grew the maximum over the review period. Dropping mortality rates and better healthcare has increased this population group. The median age of the male population in India is approximately the same as the overall median age of the population. It was 2 2 in 2000 and stands at a little more than 24 years in 2003.Much of India is a male dominated society, and even in urban areas, women are shouldering more and more sign of the zodiac running responsibilities. On a lighter note, urban men are more conscious of their looks be it clothing or even actual physical features. One would find many highlighting their hair or even exploring a manicure or a seventh cranial nerve massage in big metro cities such as Mumbai or Delhi. The latest corporate entrant to the beauty services business under the reference of Kaya Skin Clinics caters to twain men and women with clinics even in Dubai. This is a Marico India Limited promoted venture.There is an entire new category of urban men the meterosexual male that is as demanding about clothes, footwear, music and even grooming aids or beauty treatments as women. In burgeoning malls, men are spending as much or even more as women due to greater financial independence in relative terms and the freed om to spend money on items of thirst or personal use. The youth desire items such as cell phones, PDAs and other electronic gizmos. Footwear is another item high in bargain for priority. Whether it is body piercing or permanent tattoos, it is all about making a statement. Fitness and sports-related equipment also catches their fancy.The coming decade from 2004 to 2013 will see growth in the 30-55 age bracket by 2%. This will translate into significantly increased demand for items such as travel and leisure, home and household items, lifestyle accessories and even alcoholic drinks. Table 4 Male Population by Age 1990-2015 000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 59,160 61,431 62,314 60,391 59,897 59,773 5-9 yrs 53,002 57,354 59,926 61,095 59,437 59,106 10-14 yrs 46,682 52,240 56,672 59,329 60,571 58,960 15-19 yrs 44,611 46,274 51,849 56,325 59,034 60,314 20-24 yrs 40,457 44,130 45,829 51,433 55,942 58,675 25-29 yrs 35,848 39,901 43,545 45,268 50,814 55,247 0-34 yrs 31,216 35,289 3 9,246 42,842 44,475 49,798 35-39 yrs 25,991 30,655 34,636 38,494 41,955 43,397 40-44 yrs 21,137 25,386 29,959 33,846 37,579 40,840 45-49 yrs 17,895 20,428 24,595 29,063 32,849 36,427 50-54 yrs 15,631 17,003 19,497 23,552 27,898 31,550 55-59 yrs 13,346 14,462 15,831 18,258 22,165 26,325 60-64 yrs 10,533 11,826 12,925 14,266 16,588 20,254 65-69 yrs 7,660 8,753 9,948 10,992 12,271 14,405 70-74 yrs 5,127 5,833 6,779 7,820 8,771 9,917 75-79 yrs 3,008 3,398 3,956 4,692 5,527 6,303 80+ yrs 1,756 2,094 2,684 3,338 4,129 5,050 TOTAL 433,062 476,458 520,192 561,005 599,902 636,341 Males as % of total 51. 68 51. 63 51. 8 51. 51 51. 44 51. 35 population Source UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January Table 5 Male Population by Age (% Analysis) 1990-2015 % of male population 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 13. 66 12. 89 11. 98 10. 76 9. 98 9. 39 5-9 yrs 12. 24 12. 04 11. 52 10. 89 9. 91 9. 29 10-14 yrs 10. 78 10. 96 10. 89 10. 58 10. 10 9. 27 15-19 yrs 10. 30 9. 71 9. 97 10. 04 9. 84 9. 48 20- 24 yrs 9. 34 9. 26 8. 81 9. 17 9. 33 9. 22 25-29 yrs 8. 28 8. 37 8. 37 8. 07 8. 47 8. 68 30-34 yrs 7. 21 7. 41 7. 54 7. 64 7. 41 7. 83 35-39 yrs 6. 00 6. 43 6. 66 6. 86 6. 99 6. 82 40-44 yrs 4. 88 5. 33 5. 76 6. 03 6. 26 6. 42 45-49 yrs 4. 13 4. 29 4. 73 5. 8 5. 48 5. 72 50-54 yrs 3. 61 3. 57 3. 75 4. 20 4. 65 4. 96 55-59 yrs 3. 08 3. 04 3. 04 3. 25 3. 69 4. 14 60-64 yrs 2. 43 2. 48 2. 48 2. 54 2. 77 3. 18 65-69 yrs 1. 77 1. 84 1. 91 1. 96 2. 05 2. 26 70-74 yrs 1. 18 1. 22 1. 30 1. 39 1. 46 1. 56 75-79 yrs 0. 69 0. 71 0. 76 0. 84 0. 92 0. 99 80+ yrs 0. 41 0. 44 0. 52 0. 60 0. 69 0. 79 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January Table 6 Male Population by Age (Growth) 1990/2015, 2000/2015 % growth 1990/2015 2000/2015 0-4 yrs 1. 04 -4. 08 5-9 yrs 11. 52 -1. 37 10-14 yrs 26. 30 4. 04 15-19 yrs 35. 20 16. 33 20-24 yrs 45. 03 28. 03 5-29 yrs 54. 12 26. 87 30-34 yrs 59. 53 26. 89 35-39 yrs 66. 97 25. 29 40-44 yrs 93. 22 36. 32 45-49 yr s 103. 56 48. 11 50-54 yrs 101. 84 61. 82 55-59 yrs 97. 25 66. 28 60-64 yrs 92. 29 56. 70 65-69 yrs 88. 04 44. 81 70-74 yrs 93. 41 46. 28 75-79 yrs 109. 53 59. 33 80+ yrs 187. 55 88. 16 TOTAL 46. 94 22. 33 Source UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January 2. 3 Female Population by Age 58% of the Indian female population is below the age of 29. Of this 45% are over the age of 15 years. Female population proportion is likely to go up in the next decade following stringent official norms for sex determination and abortion of the female foetus.The current sex ratio stands at 933 females per 1,000 males as per the last census. Considering the decline in sex ratio from the previous census in 1991, female infanticide is still rampant(ip) not only in certain backward rural areas but also in a new form using modern applied science in urban areas. Women in urban India puzzle come a long way since the expectations their mothers or probably grandmothers had to live up to. In the mid-sixties and 197 0s, it was a rarity to see working women. It went without saying that female members of the household handled household running responsibilities.Few would be seen dressed in anything but a sari, the national dress. Smoking and drinking were strict no-nos. Even expiration to the beauty parlour was considered highly emancipated Cooking was always at home and make by women. Sacrificing personal wants and compromise were desirable attributes. The scenario dramatically changed in the 1990s with Indias entry onto the world beauty scene. Suddenly, every woman wanted to look good or do something that made a difference to her or to someone else. The salwar-kameez is almost a universal dress code.Originally, a North Indian attire, it caught the imagination of women from every region for its convenience and comfort. Young women are much surer of what they want and how to get it. Domestic duties such as cooking are minimised or taken care of in other ways. They would much rather work or do so mething that they would much rather be doing. Western-style dressing consisting of pants and a shirt is much more common even in workplaces. Social drinking is largely acceptable though still not desirable. On the other hand smoking is still a no-no notwithstanding the rise in number of working women who smoke in public.More and more women today get under ones skin access to some means of income be it small or large amounts and even take investment decisions or play a significant social occasion in the decision making. Today, one can see a mix of all kinds of women ranging from the traditional orthodox to the ultra modern sophisticate. Even the traditional conservative is surprisingly quite progressive in emotional matters pertaining to grooming or even careers. While women are now increasingly comfortable with their bodies and do not mind even flaunting it, they still would prefer striking a balance between home and work.With more and more women earning their own money, they a re now almost equally positioned as bread earners in families. Most men find it difficult to deal with this situation since money and the way it must be worn out(p) (larger sums that probably go beyond household expenses) is still considered a male domain. unless there is an increasing segment that is now taking investment decisions as well. The stock market boom in 2003 attracted large numbers of housewives who got into the act of trading shares, earning just that little bit extra irrespective of their socioeconomic posture or nurtureal activityal background. The attitude towards motherhood is changing.It is now more a matter of choice than chance. Young urban educated women are taking parenting much more seriously. Previously, the first nestling was born at an average age of 25, today in some parts it is 32 years. Women-on-vacation is another phenomenon slowly nice visible at railway platforms, airport lounges and even gravelled roads. Single, married, divorced or bereaved and aged anywhere from 16-70 years, women are on the move. As the population ages and more working women constitute the Indian population, there will be a demand for items of personal use and anti-ageing products and services.The number of women smoking or drinking is also on the rise. Earlier considered taboo, rising pressures professionally and personally have only contributed to this changing paradigm. Table 7 Female Population by Age 1990-2015 000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 55,639 57,805 58,660 56,951 56,565 56,552 5-9 yrs 49,287 53,491 55,994 57,201 55,823 55,652 10-14 yrs 43,098 48,320 52,630 55,254 56,565 55,266 15-19 yrs 40,657 42,596 47,848 52,217 54,903 56,261 20-24 yrs 36,806 40,050 42,049 47,357 51,781 54,513 25-29 yrs 32,460 36,197 39,456 41,504 46,793 51,183 30-34 yrs 28,206 31,972 35,680 38,912 0,886 46,004 35-39 yrs 23,671 27,780 31,516 35,163 38,289 40,106 40-44 yrs 20,020 23,247 27,322 31,008 34,567 37,555 45-49 yrs 17,489 19,549 22,752 26,779 30,404 33, 867 50-54 yrs 15,493 16,890 18,945 22,115 26,082 29,640 55-59 yrs 13,200 14,683 16,086 18,133 21,257 25,144 60-64 yrs 10,490 12,116 13,571 14,976 17,001 20,046 65-69 yrs 7,847 9,126 10,651 12,054 13,439 15,402 70-74 yrs 5,420 6,278 7,417 8,794 10,099 11,414 75-79 yrs 3,266 3,815 4,515 5,453 6,600 7,720 80+ yrs 1,922 2,403 3,267 4,198 5,302 6,658 TOTAL 404,970 446,317 488,357 528,067 566,356 602,984 Females as % of total 48. 32 48. 37 48. 42 8. 49 48. 56 48. 65 population Source UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January Table 8 Female Population by Age (% Analysis) 1990-2015 % of female population 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0-4 yrs 13. 74 12. 95 12. 01 10. 78 9. 99 9. 38 5-9 yrs 12. 17 11. 99 11. 47 10. 83 9. 86 9. 23 10-14 yrs 10. 64 10. 83 10. 78 10. 46 9. 99 9. 17 15-19 yrs 10. 04 9. 54 9. 80 9. 89 9. 69 9. 33 20-24 yrs 9. 09 8. 97 8. 61 8. 97 9. 14 9. 04 25-29 yrs 8. 02 8. 11 8. 08 7. 86 8. 26 8. 49 30-34 yrs 6. 96 7. 16 7. 31 7. 37 7. 22 7. 63 35-39 yrs 5. 85 6. 22 6. 45 6. 66 6. 76 6. 65 40-44 yrs 4. 94 5. 21 5. 59 5. 87 6. 10 6. 23 5-49 yrs 4. 32 4. 38 4. 66 5. 07 5. 37 5. 62 50-54 yrs 3. 83 3. 78 3. 88 4. 19 4. 61 4. 92 55-59 yrs 3. 26 3. 29 3. 29 3. 43 3. 75 4. 17 60-64 yrs 2. 59 2. 71 2. 78 2. 84 3. 00 3. 32 65-69 yrs 1. 94 2. 04 2. 18 2. 28 2. 37 2. 55 70-74 yrs 1. 34 1. 41 1. 52 1. 67 1. 78 1. 89 75-79 yrs 0. 81 0. 85 0. 92 1. 03 1. 17 1. 28 80+ yrs 0. 47 0. 54 0. 67 0. 80 0. 94 1. 10 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January Table 9 Female Population by Age (Growth) 1990/2015, 2000/2015 % growth 1990/2015 2000/2015 0-4 yrs 1. 64 -3. 59 5-9 yrs 12. 91 -0. 61 10-14 yrs 8. 23 5. 01 15-19 yrs 38. 38 17. 58 20-24 yrs 48. 11 29. 64 25-29 yrs 57. 68 29. 72 30-34 yrs 63. 10 28. 94 35-39 yrs 69. 43 27. 26 40-44 yrs 87. 59 37. 45 45-49 yrs 93. 65 48. 86 50-54 yrs 91. 31 56. 45 55-59 yrs 90. 48 56. 32 60-64 yrs 91. 10 47. 72 65-69 yrs 96. 28 44. 61 70-74 yrs 110. 60 53. 89 75-79 yrs 136. 38 70. 98 80+ yrs 246. 49 103. 82 TOTAL 48. 90 23. 47 Source UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January 2. 4 Fertility and Birth Fertility rates in India brute(a) to 2. 9 in 2003. The decline can be attributed to the rise in mean age at conglutination and the postponement of the child-bearing decision.The average age of Indian women at child birth rose to 28 years in 2003. In some urban areas and metro cities it could well be early 30s. As women seek higher(prenominal) educational and professional achievements, urban families are postponing having children. In many cases, one of the reasons cited is that they would like to know their spouses better before giving rise to a social responsibility. Amongst celebrities such as personalities from the film industry as well as fashion, acceptation is being increasingly accepted. These are usually highly successful, financially freelancer women who cannot or do not find the need for a spouse to raise children.Men still take a back seat where adoption is concern ed. A complete change in the way earning opportunities present themselves in an increasingly open economy and the transient nature of jobs, values and money have made Indians seek personal confidence and stability before committing themselves further. Birth control has received total government support irrespective of the political troupe in power. However, a large number of women may not be able to afford birth control even if they wish to do so. sizeable numbers of couples want to space or limit births but they are not using any method of contraception.According to official sources, a comprehensive survey it undertook showed that approximately 16% of couples or about 30 million couples have an unmet need for contraception. High fertility is one important factor bear on the reproductive health of women. One out of every 75 women of reproductive age dies from child birth-related causes. Other reproductive health indicators also reflect a generally poor health status. Only 15% of mothers receive complete antenatal care, and only 58% receive any iron/folate tablets or syrup. Only 34% of deliveries take place in facilities, and, at best, 42% are assisted by a health professional.Though there are official government norms for promoting two children families, there are many holding public positions that have three or four or even more children. It is therefore difficult for lawmakers who themselves go against government policies to implement them with complete resolution. There is a wide disparity in the population growth rates amongst respective(a) states. Southern states have achieved a greater measure of success in almost stabilising their birth rate growth due to a higher level of education and literacy in general. On the other hand, Northern states such as Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar represent a dismal picture.There is an unmet need for family planning in these states and about 25% of it is in Uttar Pradesh (UP) state. Is it a boy or a girl? The le gacy of a declining sex ratio in the history of the nosecount of India took a new turn with the widespread use of new reproductive technologies (NRTs) in urban areas. NRTs are based on the principles of selection of the desirable and rejection of the unwanted. In India, the desirable is the baby boy and the unwanted is the baby girl. The result is obvious the Census of 2001 revealed that with a sex ratio of 933 women for every 1,000 men, India had a deficit of 3. million women when it entered the new millennium. To stop the abuse of advanced scientific techniques for selective elimination of female foetuses through sex -determination, the government of India passed the Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (PNDT) Act in 1994. But techno-docs based in the metropolises and other urban centres, and parents desirous of begetting only sons, have subverted it. Outreach to the most vulnerable elements of the population is very limited, and the quality of services, in general, is poor. Additiona l constraints exist in the delivery of services.For family planning, the choice of methods is often limited and sterilisation remains the method of choice. Other approaches, including delaying the age of marriage and first pregnancies, and encouraging longer birth intervals, present major social and policy challenges. Religious and medical barriers exist in some areas, as do cultural issues associated with the preference for boys and denial of opportunities for girls and women. However, both the private and the public sector are taking substantial initiatives in the area of healthcare and there have been some improvements.Fertility rates fell by 23% over the 1990-2003 period though there was a slight increase in 2002. many studies have shown that the increase was due to inseparable calamities in 2001 and 2002 accompanied by civil disturbances when citizens were mostly confined to their homes and had limited entertainment options. The fertility rate fell the following year by or s o 4% in 2003 over 2002 in keeping with the trend over the last decade. Table 10 Fertility and Birth 1990/1995, 2000-2003 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 amount age of women at 20. 40 24. 20 26. 70 27. 20 27. 80 28. 33 hildbirth (years) Birth rates (per 000 30. 07 27. 45 24. 90 24. 37 23. 78 23. 40 inhabitants) Fertility rates 3. 80 3. 48 3. 06 2. 99 3. 02 2. 91 (children born per female) Source National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, CIA World Factbook, Euromonitor Table 11 Fertility and Birth (Growth) 1990/2003, 2002/2003 % growth 1990/2003 2002/2003 Average age of women at childbirth 38. 87 1. 91 Birth rates -22. 18 -1. 60 Fertility rates -23. 42 -3. 64 Source National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, CIA World Factbook, Euromonitor 2. 5 Population by Marital StatusThere are only two dominant types of population by married status in India married or single. Married Married couples form more than half the population in India. Marriage is a sacred grounding accompanied and governed by numerous social and religious customs and sanctions. Elders in the family normally arrange marriages in most of India and even with changing social fabric, enate acceptance and blessings are important. The result is a blend of the old and the new where brides/bridegrooms-to-be actually meet or see each other before the marriage and are allowed to exercise their choices.Marriage and child rearing is an accepted way of life and youngsters between the ages of 18 and 30 do look forward to cave in down and getting married. An unmarried individual would stand out in the predominantly middle-class Indian society. However, acceptance of this is also increasing. There are a number of young adults, usually successful in their own lives, who choose not to get married or are unable to get married. Cracks and strains have started showing in a number of marriages due to postponement of the marriage decision, new income earning opportunities, changing lifestyles, new technologies and a sea change in attitudes and spirations in urban India. Hence, married families in 2003 grew at a slower rate than divorced or single families at only 1. 4%. part Divorce is a little uncommon but is growing in incidence with young couples not willing to compromise or spend time on making a relationship successful. Interestingly, it is couples who knew each other before marriage that are seeing a rise in divorce rather than position family affairs that are part of Indian convention. There are instances of certain communities that are using technology (SMSs Short Messaging System) to divorce their spouses by direct the message divorce thriceThe number of divorce cases filed in some cities reaches as high as 17,000 cases in Kolkata city with Pune having the to the lowest degree at 2,000. Some 9,000 cases are filed each year in Mumbai city alone. Widowers Widowers form a small 5% of Indian society that predominantly consists of youth. Rising longevity, increasing age at marriage and even social reform with respect to child widows, child marriages and widow remarriage have contained the growth of this category of the population. There are not too many widows/widowers in urban areas and even these generally stay with their families as in their sons or daughters.In certain rural areas, with lack of healthcare and awareness of a number of health conditions, widowers could form a slightly larger population segment. Co-habitation Co-habitation is still not viewed with much respect in a society steeped in tradition. In the Western state of Gujarat there is actually a quasi-legal arrangement called Maitri Karar that stipulates the responsibilities of a contract friendship. However, there are a growing number of homosexuals both men and women, who have come out of the closet and are finding some acceptance.There are at least five lesbian groups in the country which are striving to provide dignity to this section of the populace. There is a large numb er who is probably not even aware of their preferences and go through much turmoil in the process. Yet, permissiveness is at an all-time high. 27% of the population in Bangalore Chennai 28% Delhi 22%t Hyderabad 20% Kolkata 32% Mumbai 24% feel that both partners should be free to have two-timing(a) sex with the spouses consent. Delhiites are most likely to have done it at a younger age than their counterparts in other cities.Hyderabadis and Mumbaikars show the maximum inclination to infidelity. Adultery is going middle-class, to small-town India, going commonplace, even going boring. Dangerous liaisons used to be for the aristos and the plebs. Those in between, the middle classes, were tethered by moral chastity belts only their fantasies could roam freely. Or it was all within the family, the extramarital dalliances, that is. The scarlet letter is now fading fast stigma is getting passe and guilt for an increasing number is no more than a twitch. unused technology is an important factor encouraging the phenomenon.Internet and mushrooming cyber cafes have helped, as have mobile phones and SMS facilities. Middle-class India is having a great time and most Westerners are shocked at the change. Table 12 Population by Marital Status 1990/1995, 2000-2003 000 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Married 471,829 494,405 516,978 524,708 532,254 539,637 Divorced 3,093 5,010 8,059 8,214 8,365 8,510 leave 52,532 56,663 53,373 54,144 54,895 55,629 Single & other/unknown 310,578 366,696 430,138 438,100 445,958 453,729 TOTAL 838,033 922,775 1,008,549 1,025,166 1,041,471 1,057,505 Average age of women at 19. 00 22. 90 25. 50 25. 90 26. 50 26. 97 first marriage (years)Source National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January Table 13 Population by Marital Status (% Analysis) 1990/1995, 2000-2003 % of total population 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Married 56. 30 53. 58 51. 26 51. 18 51. 11 51. 03 Divorced 0. 37 0. 54 0. 80 0. 80 0. 80 0. 80 Widow ed 6. 27 6. 14 5. 29 5. 28 5. 27 5. 26 Single & other/unknown 37. 06 39. 74 42. 65 42. 73 42. 82 42. 91 TOTAL 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 Source National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January Table 14 Population by Marital Status (Growth) 1990/2003, 2000/2003 growth 1990/2003 2000/2003 Married 14. 37 4. 38 Divorced 175. 1 5. 59 Widowed 5. 9 4. 23 Single & other/unknown 46. 09 5. 48 TOTAL 26. 19 4. 85 Average age of women at first marriage 41. 93 5. 75 Source National statistical offices, Council of Europe, UN, Euromonitor Note As at 1 January 2. 6 Population by Educational Attainment Indians place a lot of importance on higher education as is evident from the number of graduates as well as the number of Indians doing extremely well in other parts of the world. Despite huge odds, the literacy rate now stands at more than 65% for the country as a whole.In terms of numbers, most of the population has some form of primary educat ion. Kerala is the only state that has 100% literacy. Public expenditure on education now stands at 4% of GDP, well below the Kothari Commission recommendation of 6% way back in 1968. The private sector is now taking increasing initiatives in primary level education after having participated in a mixed fashion in the form of self-financed colleges and institutions of higher learning. This is one of the factors for higher growth in the level of education attainment at higher levels as compared to primary education.There are about 888,000 educational institutions in the country with an enrolment of about 179 million. Elementary Education System in India is the second largest in the World with 149 million children of 6-14 years enrolled and almost three million teachers. This is about 82% of the children in the age group. commanding education has been enforced in four States and Union Territories (UTs) at the primary stage of education while in eight States/UTs there is compulsory edu cation covering the entire elementary stage of education. As many as 20 States/UTs have not introduced any measure of compulsion.Though education is in the concurrent list (ie both the Central and State governments are responsible for this social sector) of the Constitution, the State presidential terms play a very major role in the development of education particularly in the primary and the secondary education sectors. In order to facilitate donations including smaller amounts from India and abroad for implementing projects/programmes connected with the education sector, the Government constituted the Bharat Shiksha Kosh as a Society registered under the Society Registration Act, 1860.The Kosh was officially launched on 9 January 2003 during the celebration of Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas. The Kosh will receive donations/contributions/endowments, from individuals and corporate, Central and State Governments, non-resident Indians and people of Indian origin for various activities acros s all sectors of education. Table 15 Population by Educational Attainment 1990/1995, 2000-2003 000 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 Primary & no education 372,583 378,124 391,590 400,014 408,770 417,596 Secondary 79,103 121,874 163,622 167,434 171,221 175,064 Higher 79,478 92,137 107,140 109,858 112,464 115,123 TOTAL 531,164 592,134 662,352

“Naturalism an occurrence at owl creek bridge”

The 19th Century American Art described Naturalism as Life imitating temper and the artists of this extent began focusing on real keep situations. Naturalism literature began to flourish after the obliging fight and after the most loved Ro opusticism and Victorian literature. Naturalism focuses on the lower to midst conformation man in which he is a futile figure of a domineering universe of discourse of a hostile nature. Some sort of struggling for the fittest and the strong and predestined are the nevertheless for certain winner.The Ambrose Bierce explanation at nozzle brook Bridge is told by a third startley narrator. For a guileless reason that a man who is dead cannot narrate his own goal? It says nothing more of a man named Peyton Fahrquhar, a planter from a respected Alabama family the author level off distinguishes him as a gentleman which befits his physical appearance. Despite of the mans description, the person in the story seemed to go out a futile death giving stress on the character of naturalism to which man is futile as quoted by the narrator to a lower placehe . . original secessionist devoted to the Southern cause. Circumstances of an prideful nature, which it is unnecessary to relate here, had . . . .army which had fought the disastrous campaigns (Bierce, 2004)Cynical, skeptical or mocking propertys is vividly present along these lines,To be hanged and drowned, he thought, that is not so bad solely I do not wish to be shot. No .. not be shot that is not fair.(Bierce, 2004)The story dealt more on the agonizing death of a person exclusively it was more descriptive than sentimental. It is an unwanted way of dying and yet on that point is no reason to stop it.The entire theme below is focused on someone who has see a few moments of life before death and another few moments after dying. His soul seemed to reckon and in a way could not even tell he is re all toldy dead. The story of the life of Peyton is a step by step narrative about the ironies of violent death, as if a man could broadsheet of his own dying which can be paraphrasedTo die of hanging at the bottom of a river the mood seemed to him ludicrous. He opened his eyes in the darkness above him a gleam of light, but how trackless He was still sinking, for the light became fainter .mere glimmer.(Bierce, 2004)His neck ached horribly his brain was on fire, his heart, fluttering faintly, gave a spectacular leap, trying to force itself out at his mouth. His whole body was wrenched with an insupport fit anguish (Bierce) 2004.The ii lines below were skillfully drawn by the author and I must say that he has like an expert condition the most significant characteristic to the story by defining life and imitating nature. He uses the woodwind and trees, even the detail of a leaf and those that inhabits itincluding the morning dewdrops. He described nature just as he describes a new life that is to be unfolding.the forest on the bank of the stream trees, the fall in ,, veining of apiece leaf he saw the very insects noted the prismatic colors in all the dewdrops one thousand thousand blades of grass. The gnats that danced..the eddies . . . the beating of the dragon flies wings, the strokes water spiders legs, like oars which had lifted their boat all these made audible music.(Bierce)2004.A fish slid along on a lower floor his eyes and he heard the rush of its body section the water.(Bierce) 2004.This draft sentence above almost completed the story the author wanted to conclude, that death has pick out and the firmament could be so near. As if describing that the soul came out from the eye and it moves thru the waters. Bierce in his few nomenclature was able to describe a real life situation which is one of the most interesting characteristic of a naturalistic piecework. That after life naturally comes death.Peyton Fahrquhar was dead his body, with a broken neck, swung gently from aspect beneath the timber s of the Owl Creek bridge deck.(Bierce) 2004.Though the whole work is a literary genius, it leaves a mark of pessimism on the part of the reader. Pessimism in the sense that the character of the story was never given a chance. He was blasted patently because of a circumstance that is beyond the control of the person being told. There was no accept but a dream or it could be real that the characters soul transcended only to be able to look for his love ones. Even in this scene we can see that there is a big division. There is desire to be with someone and yet the story emphasizes more on losing. The dingy part of it is for an observer to have an impression that not all prayers are answered and an urgent dubiety that urgency to be asked where is God why did he allowed such fate?REFEENCESBierce, 2004 A. An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge Electronic Version. Retrieved 24 September 2007 from http//www.pagebypagebooks.com/Ambrose_Bierce/An_Occurrence_At_Owl_Creek_Bridge/index.ht.Na turalism an occurrence at owl creek bridgeThe 19th Century American Art described Naturalism as Life imitating nature and the artists of this period began focusing on real life situations. Naturalism literature began to flourish after the civil war and after the most loved Romanticism and Victorian literature. Naturalism focuses on the lower to middle class man in which he is a futile figure of a domineering universe of a hostile nature. Some sort of struggling for the fittest and the strong and predestined are the only sure winner.The Ambrose Bierce story at Owl Creek Bridge is told by a third party narrator. For a simple reason that a man who is dead cannot narrate his own death? It says nothing more of a man named Peyton Fahrquhar, a planter from a respected Alabama family the author even distinguishes him as a gentleman which befits his physical appearance. Despite of the mans description, the person in the story seemed to die a futile death giving stress on the character of nat uralism to which man is unimportant as quoted by the narrator belowhe . . original secessionist devoted to the Southern cause. Circumstances of an imperious nature, which it is unnecessary to relate here, had . . . .army which had fought the disastrous campaigns (Bierce, 2004)Cynical, skeptical or mocking characteristics is vividly present along these lines,To be hanged and drowned, he thought, that is not so bad but I do not wish to be shot. No .. not be shot that is not fair.(Bierce, 2004)The story dealt more on the agonizing death of a person but it was more descriptive than sentimental. It is an unwanted way of dying and yet there is no reason to stop it.The entire theme below is focused on someone who has experienced a few moments of life before death and another few moments after dying. His soul seemed to search and in a way could not even tell he is really dead. The story of the life of Peyton is a step by step narrative about the ironies of violent death, as if a man could account of his own dying which can be paraphrasedTo die of hanging at the bottom of a river the idea seemed to him ludicrous. He opened his eyes in the darkness above him a gleam of light, but how inaccessible He was still sinking, for the light became fainter .mere glimmer.(Bierce, 2004)His neck ached horribly his brain was on fire, his heart, fluttering faintly, gave a great leap, trying to force itself out at his mouth. His whole body was wrenched with an insupportable anguish (Bierce) 2004.The two lines below were skillfully drawn by the author and I must say that he has expertly given the most significant characteristic to the story by defining life and imitating nature. He uses the forest and trees, even the detail of a leaf and those that inhabits itincluding the morning dewdrops. He described nature just as he describes a new life that is to be unfolding.the forest on the bank of the stream trees, the leave ,, veining of each leaf he saw the very insects noted the pri smatic colors in all the dewdrops million blades of grass. The gnats that danced..the eddies . . . the beating of the dragon flies wings, the strokes water spiders legs, like oars which had lifted their boat all these made audible music.(Bierce)2004.A fish slid along beneath his eyes and he heard the rush of its body parting the water.(Bierce) 2004.This brief sentence above almost completed the story the author wanted to conclude, that death has come and the heavens could be so near. As if describing that the soul came out from the eye and it moves thru the waters. Bierce in his few words was able to describe a real life situation which is one of the most interesting characteristic of a naturalistic piecework. That after life naturally comes death.Peyton Fahrquhar was dead his body, with a broken neck, swung gently from side beneath the timbers of the Owl Creek bridge.(Bierce) 2004.Though the whole work is a literary genius, it leaves a mark of pessimism on the part of the reader . Pessimism in the sense that the character of the story was never given a chance. He was doomed simply because of a circumstance that is beyond the control of the person being told. There was no hope but a dream or it could be real that the characters soul transcended only to be able to look for his love ones. Even in this scene we can see that there is a big division. There is desire to be with someone and yet the story emphasizes more on losing. The sad part of it is for an observer to have an impression that not all prayers are answered and an urgent question that need to be asked where is God why did he allowed such fate?REFEENCESBierce, 2004 A. An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge Electronic Version. Retrieved 24 September 2007 from http//www.pagebypagebooks.com/Ambrose_Bierce/An_Occurrence_At_Owl_Creek_Bridge/index.ht.